Soil fertility plays a very important role in sustaining agricultural productivity and ecosystems stability. This study investigated the impact of three different land use types, namely: Natural Forest (NF), Forest Plantation (FP), and Cropland (CL) on core soil fertility indicators in Kaniki area of Ndola District, Zambia. Soil samples were collected and analyzed for pH, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), and bulk density (BD). Results showed that FP had the highest soil pH (5.1 ± 0.17), while NF had the highest nitrogen content (0.153%). Available phosphorus was highest in FP (0.543 mg/kg), while K was most abundant in CL (0.015 ppm). Bulk density was relatively consistent across all land use types, ranging from 1.43 g/cm³ in NF to 1.45 g/cm³ in FP, respectively. These findings illuminate the important role of natural vegetation in maintaining soil fertility and, therefore, stress the need for sustainable land management practices. The study provides evidence-based recommendations for preserving soil health in the face of land use changes